Status: United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts (New York, 2005)

This page is updated whenever the UNCITRAL Secretariat is informed of changes relating to the status of the Convention.

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All dates: DD/MM/YYYY

StateNotesSignatureRatification, Accession(*), Approval(†), Acceptance(‡) or Succession(§)Entry into force
Azerbaijan18/09/2018(*)01/04/2019
Bahrain04/06/202001/01/2021
Belize19/01/2023(*)01/08/2023
Benin07/11/2019(*)01/06/2020
Cameroon11/10/2017(*)01/05/2018
Central African Republic27/02/2006
China06/07/2006
Colombia27/09/2007
Congo28/01/2014(*)01/08/2014
Dominican Republic02/08/2012(*)01/03/2013
El Salvador17/07/2025(*)01/02/2026
Fiji(d)07/06/2017(*)01/01/2018
Honduras16/01/200815/06/201001/03/2013
Iran (Islamic Republic of)(f)26/09/200708/10/202501/05/2026
Kiribati21/04/2020(*)01/11/2020
Lebanon22/05/2006
Madagascar19/09/2006
Mongolia03/12/2020(*)01/07/2021
Montenegro27/09/200723/09/201401/04/2015
Panama25/09/2007
Paraguay26/03/200724/07/201801/02/2019
Philippines25/09/200708/07/202201/02/2023
Republic of Korea15/01/2008
Russian Federation(b)25/04/200706/01/2014(‡)01/08/2014
Saudi Arabia12/11/2007
Senegal07/04/2006
Sierra Leone21/09/2006
Singapore(a)06/07/200607/07/201001/03/2013
Sri Lanka(c)06/07/200607/07/201501/02/2016
Thailand(e)28/03/2025(*)01/10/2025
Tuvalu08/12/2022(*)01/07/2023

Parties: 21

Notes

(a) Upon ratification, Singapore declared: The Convention shall not apply to electronic communications relating to any contract for the sale or other disposition of immovable property, or any interest in such property. The Convention shall also not apply in respect of (i) the creation or execution of a will; or (ii) the creation, performance or enforcement of an indenture, declaration of trust or power of attorney, that may be contracted for in any contract governed by the Convention.

(b) Upon acceptance, the Russian Federation declared: 1. In accordance with article 19, paragraph 1, of the Convention, the Russian Federation will apply the Convention when the parties to the international contract have agreed that it applies; 2. In accordance with article 19, paragraph 2, of the Convention, the Russian Federation will not apply the Convention to transactions for which a notarized form or State registration is required under Russian law or to transactions for the sale of goods whose transfer across the Customs Union border is either prohibited or restricted; 3. The Russian Federation understands the international contracts covered by the Convention to mean civil law contracts involving foreign citizens or legal entities, or a foreign element.

(c) Upon ratification, Sri Lanka declared: In accordance with Articles 21 and 19 (paragraph 2) of the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts, the Convention shall not apply to electronic communications or transactions specifically excluded under Section 23 of the Electronic Transactions Act No. 19 of 2006, of Sri Lanka.

(d) Upon ratification, Fiji declared: In accordance with Articles 21 and 19 (paragraph 2) of the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts, the Convention shall not apply to electronic communications or transactions specifically excluded under sections 18, 19, 20 and the Schedule to the Electronic Transactions Act 2008 (No 26 of 2008) of Fiji, as amended by the Electronic Transactions (Amendment) Act 2017 (No 8 of 2017).

(e) Upon accession, Thailand declared: In accordance with article 19, paragraph 2, of the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts, the Convention shall not apply to communications or transactions specifically excluded under Section 3 of the Electronic Transactions Act B.E. 2544 (2001) of Thailand; contracts to which at least one of the parties is a Thai state agency; and transactions which are required to be registered with a competent authority under Thai law.

(f) Upon ratification, the Islamic Republic of Iran declared: The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran in accordance with Paragraph (2) of Article 19 and Article 21 of the aforesaid Convention, declares that the aforesaid Convention shall not apply to electronic communications, transactions and exchanges specifically excluded under its “Electronic Commerce Law” approved on 7 January 2004 with subsequent amendments and additions.