Status: UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996)

This page is updated whenever the UNCITRAL Secretariat is informed of changes in enactment of the Model Law.

The UNCITRAL Secretariat also prepares yearly a document containing the Status of Conventions and Enactments of UNCITRAL Model Laws, which is available on the web page of the corresponding UNCITRAL Commission Session.

Legislation based on or influenced by the Model Law has been adopted in 87 States and a total of 170 jurisdictions:

State

 

Notes

Afghanistan
2020
(e)
Antigua and Barbuda
2013
(e), (h)
Australia
2011
(e), (h)

Australian Capital Territory

2012
(e), (h)

New South Wales

2010
(e), (h)

Northern Territory

2011
(e), (h)

Queensland

2013
(e), (h)

South Australia

2011
(e), (h)

Tasmania

2010
(e), (h)

Victoria

2011
(e), (h)

Western Australia

2011
(e), (h)
Bahamas
2003
 
Bahrain
2018
(e), (h)
Bangladesh
2006
(a), (d)
Barbados
2001
 
Belize
2021
(e), (h)
Bhutan
2006
 
Botswana
2014
(e)
Brunei Darussalam
2000
 
Cabo Verde
2003
 
Cambodia
2019
(a), (e)
Canada
 
 

Alberta

2001
(b)

British Columbia

2001
(b)

Manitoba

2000
(b)

New Brunswick

2001
(b)

Newfoundland and Labrador

2001
(b)

Northwest Territories

2011
(b)

Nova Scotia

2000
(b)

Nunavut

2004
(b)

Ontario

2001
(b)

Prince Edward Island

2001
(b)

Quebec

2001
(b)

Saskatchewan

2000
(b)

Yukon

2000
(b)
China
2004
 

Hong Kong, China

2000
 

Macao, China

2004
(d), (h)
Colombia
1999
(a)
Dominica
2013
(a)
Dominican Republic
2002
(a)
Ecuador
2002
(a)
El Salvador
2015, 2021
(a), (e)
Eswatini
2022
(e)
Ethiopia
2020
 
Fiji
2017
(e)
France
2000
 
Gambia
2009
(e)
Ghana
2008
(e)
Grenada
2013
(e)
Guatemala
2008
(e)
Guyana
2023
(e)
Haiti
2017
(a)
Honduras
2015
 
India
2000
(a)
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
2004
 
Ireland
2000
 
Jamaica
2006
 
Jordan
2015
(d), (h)
Kiribati
2021
(e)
Kuwait
2014
(a), (d)
Lao People's Democratic Republic
2012
(a)
Liberia
2002
(a)
Libya
2022
(a)
Madagascar
2014
(e)
Malawi
2016
(a)
Malaysia
2006
 
Maldives
2022
(e)
Malta
2002
(a)
Mauritius
2000
 
Mexico
2000
 
Mozambique
2017
(e)
Namibia
2019
(e)
New Zealand
2002
 
Oman
2008
(a)
Pakistan
2002
 
Panama
2001, 2008
(a)
Papua New Guinea
2022
(e)
Paraguay
2021
(h)
Philippines
2000
 
Qatar
2010
(e)
Republic of Korea
1999
 
Rwanda
2010
(e)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
2011
(e)
Saint Lucia
2011
 
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2007
 
Samoa
2008
 
San Marino
2013
(e)
Saudi Arabia
2007
 
Seychelles
2001
(a)
Sierra Leone
2019
(a), (d)
Singapore
2010
(e), (h)
Slovenia
2000
 
South Africa
2002
(a)
Sri Lanka
2017
(e), (h)
Suriname
2017
(e)
Syrian Arab Republic
2014
(a), (d)
Thailand
2019
(e), (h)
Timor-Leste
2024
(e)
Togo
2017
(a)
Trinidad and Tobago
2011
(e)
Uganda
2011
 
United Arab Emirates
2006
 

Abu Dhabi Global Market

2021
(e)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
 
 

Anguilla

2006
(g)

Bailiwick of Guernsey

2000
(f)

Bailiwick of Jersey

2000
(f)

Bermuda

1999
(g)

British Virgin Islands

2021
(e), (g)

Cayman Islands

2000
(g)

Isle of Man

2000
(f)

Montserrat

2009
(g)

Turks and Caicos Islands

2000
(g)
United Republic of Tanzania
2015
(e)
United States of America
 
 

Alabama

2001
(c)

Alaska

2004
(c)

Arizona

2000
(c)

Arkansas

2001
(c)

California

1999
(c)

Colorado

2002
(c)

Connecticut

2002
(c)

Delaware

2000
(c)

District of Columbia

2001
(c)

Florida

2000
(c)

Georgia

2009
(c)

Guam

2015
(c)

Hawaii

2000
(c)

Idaho

2000
(c)

Illinois

2021
(c), (h)

Indiana

2000
(c)

Iowa

2000
(c)

Kansas

2000
(c)

Kentucky

2000
(c)

Louisiana

2001
(c)

Maine

2000
(c)

Maryland

2000
(c)

Massachusetts

2003
(c)

Michigan

2000
(c)

Minnesota

2000
(c)

Mississippi

2001
(c)

Missouri

2003
(c)

Montana

2001
(c)

Nebraska

2000
(c)

Nevada

2001
(c)

New Hampshire

2001
(c)

New Jersey

2000
(c)

New Mexico

2001
(c)

North Carolina

2000
(c)

North Dakota

2001
(c)

Ohio

2000
(c)

Oklahoma

2000
(c)

Oregon

2001
(c)

Pennsylvania

1999
(c)

Puerto Rico

2006
(c)

Rhode Island

2000
(c)

South Carolina

2004
(c)

South Dakota

2000
(c)

Tennessee

2001
(c)

Texas

2001
(c)

United States Virgin Islands

2001
(c)

Utah

2000
(c)

Vermont

2003
(c)

Virginia

2000
(c)

Washington

2020
(c)

West Virginia

2001
(c)

Wisconsin

2004
(c)

Wyoming

2001
(c)
Vanuatu
2000
 
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
2001
 
Viet Nam
2005
(e)
Zambia
2009
(e)

 

Notes

(a) Except for the provisions on certification and electronic signatures.

(b) The legislation enacts uniform legislation influenced by the Model Law and the principles on which it is based. Uniform Electronic Commerce Act, adopted in 1999 by the Uniform Law Conference of Canada

(c) The legislation enacts uniform legislation influenced by the Model Law and the principles on which it is based. Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, adopted in 1999 by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Law.

(d) The legislation is influenced by the Model Law and the principles on which it is based.

(e) The legislation also includes substantive provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts, the status of which can be found here.

(f) Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

(g) Overseas territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

(h) The legislation amends previous legislation based on the Model Law.

Disclaimer:

A model law is created as a suggested pattern for law-makers to consider adopting as part of their domestic legislation. Since States enacting legislation based upon a model law have the flexibility to depart from the text, the above list is only indicative of the enactments that were made known to the UNCITRAL Secretariat. The legislation of each State should be considered in order to identify the exact nature of any possible deviation from the model in the legislative text that was adopted. The year of enactment indicated above is the year the legislation was passed by the relevant legislative body, as indicated to the UNCITRAL Secretariat; it does not address the date of entry into force of that piece of legislation, the procedures for which vary from State to State, and could result in entry into force some time after enactment.